International Article Number (EAN)
International Article Number
GTIN-13 number
encoded in EAN-13 barcode. The first digit is always placed outside the symbol;
additionally a right ">" indicator is used to indicate a
"Quiet Zone" that is necessary for barcode scanners to work properly.
An EAN-13
barcode (originally European Article Number, but now renamed International
Article Number even though the abbreviation EAN has been retained)
is a 13 digit (12 data and 1 check) barcoding standard which
is a superset of the
original 12-digit Universal Product Code (UPC) system
developed in the United States.[1] The EAN-13
barcode is defined by the standards organization GS1.
The EAN-13
barcodes are used worldwide for marking products often sold at retail point of sale. The numbers encoded in EAN-13 bar codes are product identification
numbers, which are also called Japanese Article Number (JAN)
in Japan. All the
numbers encoded in UPC and EAN barcodes are known as Global Trade Item Numbers (GTIN), and
they can be encoded in other GS1 barcodes.
The less commonly
used EAN-8 barcodes are
used also for marking retail goods; however, they are usually reserved for
smaller items, for example confectionery.
2-digit (EAN 2) and 5-digit (EAN 5) supplemental
barcodes may be added for a total of 14 or 17 data digits. These are generally
used for periodicals (to indicate the current year's issue number[2] ), or books and weighed products
like food (to indicate the manufacturer suggested retail price or MSRP[3] ),
respectively.
|
|
Payload:
GTIN-13 number
Components
The GTIN-13
encoded in the bar code has four components:
- The GS1
Prefix, the first three digits, usually identifying the national GS1
Member Organization to which the manufacturer is registered (not
necessarily where the product is actually made).[4] When the EAN-13 symbol encodes a conversion of an ISBN, the GS1
Prefix will be either 978 or 979. Likewise the prefix will be 979 for ISMNs (whose
prefix is shared with ISBN) and 977 for ISSNs.
- The Company
number, consisting of three to eight digits depending on number of
GTIN-13s required by the manufacturer to identify different product lines
(in ISBN and ISSN, this component is used to identify the language in
which the publication was issued and managed by a transnational agency
covering several countries, or to identify the country where the legal
deposits are made by a publisher registered with a national agency, and it
is further subdivided any allocating subblocks for publishers; many
countries have several prefixes allocated in the ISSN and ISBN
registries).
- The Item
reference, consisting of two to six digits (in ISBN and ISSN, it
uniquely identifies the publication from the same publisher; it should be
used and allocated by the registered publisher in order to avoid creating
gaps; however it happens that a registered book or serial never gets
published and sold).
- The Check
digit, a single checksum digit. The check digit is computed modulo 10, where
the weights in the checksum calculation alternate 3 and 1. In particular,
since the weights are relatively prime to 10 the EAN system will detect
all single digit errors. But, since the difference of consecutive weights
is even, the EAN system does not detect all adjacent transposition errors.
The complete
number is used as a reference key to look up information about the product line
held on a database; the number is never normally broken down into its
components within users' systems.
GS1 Prefixes
The first two
or three digits of the GTIN of any product identify the GS1 Member Organization
which the manufacturer has joined. Note that EAN-13 codes beginning with 0 are
rarely seen, as this is just a longer form of a 12-digit UPC and is represented
by the same barcode.
The 200-299
country code is worth a special mention; most GS1 member organizations define
this as being available for retailer internal use (or internal use by other
types of business). Some retailers use this for proprietary (own brand or
unbranded) products (although many retailers obtain their own manufacturer's
code for their own brands); some retailers use at least part of this prefix for
products which are packaged in store, for example, items weighed and served
over a counter for a customer. The barcode may encode a price, quantity or
weight along with a product identifier (in a retailer defined way); the product
identifier may be one assigned by the Produce Electronic Identification Board
or may be retailer assigned. Retailers who have historically used UPC barcodes
will tend to use GS1 prefixes 04 (for products) and 02 (for store packaged
products) in a similar way.
The checksum
digit must be calculated from the data digits before it can be encoded. The
checksum is calculated taking a varying weight value times the value of each
number in the barcode to make a sum. The checksum digit is then the digit which
must be added to this sum to get a number evenly divisible by 10 (i.e. the
additive inverse of the sum, modulo 10). See ISBN check digit calculation for a more extensive description and algorithm. The Global Location Number/GLN also uses
the same method.[5]
Weight
The weight for
a specific position in the EAN code is either 3 or 1, which alternate so that
the final data digit has a weight of 3; the same algorithm is used in other GTINs and the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC). In an
EAN-13 code, the weight is 3 for odd positions and 1 for even positions; this
is reversed in EAN-8 codes.[6] All GTIN and
SSCC codes get their weight values for the position of the code from this
table, making their code line up to the right:
|
Weights
|
||||||||||||||||
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
Weights for
EAN-13 code:
|
Weights
|
|||||||||||
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
Weights for
EAN-8 code:
|
Weights
|
||||||
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
For example:
4006381333931 (Stabilo Point 88 Art. No. 88/57), the check code is:
|
Calculation
|
||||||||||||
|
First
12 digits of the barcode
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
3
|
8
|
1
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
9
|
3
|
|
Weights
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
|
Multiplied
by weight
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
18
|
3
|
24
|
1
|
9
|
3
|
9
|
9
|
9
|
|
Sum
|
89
|
|||||||||||
The nearest
multiple of 10 that is equal or higher than the sum, is 90. Subtract them: 90 -
89 = 1, this is the last digit of the barcode.
Calculation
|
Getting
the weights for a barcode
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Position
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
|
Weight
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
3
|
|
Code
|
7
|
3
|
5
|
1
|
3
|
5
|
3
|
||||||||||
|
Sums
|
21
|
3
|
15
|
1
|
9
|
5
|
9
|
||||||||||
PHP implementation
$code = '7351353';
$sequence_ean8 = array(3, 1);
$sequence_ean13 = array(1, 3);
$sums = 0;
foreach(str_split($code) as $n =>
$digit) {
if (strlen($code)==7){
$sums += $digit * $sequence_ean8[$n % 2];
} elseif (strlen($code)==12){
$sums += $digit * $sequence_ean13[$n % 2];
} else {
echo "code length invalid";
}
}
$checksum = 10 - $sums % 10;
$ean_code = $code . $checksum;
Binary encoding of data digits into EAN-13 barcode
Encoding EAN-13
the numbers of
code L
the numbers of
code G
the numbers of
code R
To encode an
EAN-13 barcode, the digits are first split into 3 groups; the first digit, the
first group of 6 and the last group of 6. The first group of six is encoded
using a scheme whereby each digit has two possible encodings, one of which has
even parity and one of
which has odd parity. The first digit is encoded by selecting a pattern of
choices between these two encodings for the next six digits, according to the
table below. (Unlike the other digits, the first digit is not represented
directly by a pattern of bars.) All digits in the last group of six digits are
encoded using a single set of patterns which are the same patterns used for
UPC.
If the first
digit is zero, all digits in the first group of six are encoded using the
patterns used for UPC, therefore, a UPC barcode is also an EAN-13 barcode with
the first digit set to zero.
|
Structure
of EAN-13
|
||
|
First
digit
|
First
group of 6 digits
|
Last
group of 6 digits
|
|
0
|
LLLLLL
|
RRRRRR
|
|
1
|
LLGLGG
|
RRRRRR
|
|
2
|
LLGGLG
|
RRRRRR
|
|
3
|
LLGGGL
|
RRRRRR
|
|
4
|
LGLLGG
|
RRRRRR
|
|
5
|
LGGLLG
|
RRRRRR
|
|
6
|
LGGGLL
|
RRRRRR
|
|
7
|
LGLGLG
|
RRRRRR
|
|
8
|
LGLGGL
|
RRRRRR
|
|
9
|
LGGLGL
|
RRRRRR
|
|
Structure
of EAN-8
|
|
|
First
group of 4 digits
|
Last
group of 4 digits
|
|
LLLL
|
RRRR
|
|
Encoding
of the digits
|
|||
|
Digit
|
L-code
|
G-code
|
R-code
|
|
0
|
0001101
|
0100111
|
1110010
|
|
1
|
0011001
|
0110011
|
1100110
|
|
2
|
0010011
|
0011011
|
1101100
|
|
3
|
0111101
|
0100001
|
1000010
|
|
4
|
0100011
|
0011101
|
1011100
|
|
5
|
0110001
|
0111001
|
1001110
|
|
6
|
0101111
|
0000101
|
1010000
|
|
7
|
0111011
|
0010001
|
1000100
|
|
8
|
0110111
|
0001001
|
1001000
|
|
9
|
0001011
|
0010111
|
1110100
|
Note: Entries in
the R-column are bitwise complements (logical operator: negation) of the
respective entries in the L-column. Entries in the G-column are the entries in
the R-column in reverse bit order. See pictures of all codes against a colored
background.
Bookland
The EAN country
codes 978 (and later 979) have been allocated since the 1980s in order to
reserve a Unique Country Code (UCC) prefix for EAN identifiers of published books, regardless of
country of origin, so that the EAN space can catalog books by ISBN rather than
maintaining a redundant parallel numbering system. Similar arrangements are in
place for ISSNs for
periodicals (country code 977) and ISMNs for sheet
music (country code 979).
Japanese
Article Number
Japanese
Article Number (JAN) is a barcode standard compatible with the International Article
Number scheme. Use of the JAN standard began in 1978.[7] In January
2001 the manufacturer code changed to 7 digits (9 digits including the country
code) for new companies
pedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
GTIN-13 number encoded in EAN-13 barcode. The first digit is
always placed outside the symbol; additionally a right ">"
indicator is used to indicate a "Quiet Zone" that is necessary for
barcode scanners to work properly.An EAN-13 barcode (originally European
Article Number, but now renamed International Article Number even though the
abbreviation EAN has been retained) is a 13 digit (12 data and 1 check) barcoding
standard which is a superset of the original 12-digit Universal Product Code
(UPC) system developed in the United States.[1] The EAN-13 barcode is defined
by the standards organization GS1.
The EAN-13 barcodes are used worldwide for marking products
often sold at retail point of sale. The numbers encoded in EAN-13 bar codes are
product identification numbers, which are also called Japanese Article Number
(JAN) in Japan. All the numbers encoded in UPC and EAN barcodes are known as
Global Trade Item Numbers (GTIN), and they can be encoded in other GS1
barcodes.
The less commonly used EAN-8 barcodes are used also for
marking retail goods; however, they are usually reserved for smaller items, for
example confectionery.
2-digit (EAN 2) and 5-digit (EAN 5) supplemental barcodes
may be added for a total of 14 or 17 data digits. These are generally used for
periodicals (to indicate the current year's issue number[2] ), or books and
weighed products like food (to indicate the manufacturer suggested retail price
or MSRP[3] ), respectively.
Contents [hide]
1 Payload: GTIN-13 number
1.1 Components
1.2 GS1 Prefixes
1.3 Calculation of checksum digit
1.3.1 Weight
1.4 Calculation
1.4.1 PHP implementation
2 Binary encoding of data digits into EAN-13 barcode
3 Bookland
4 Japanese Article Number
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
[edit] Payload: GTIN-13 numberMain article: Global Trade
Item Number
[edit] ComponentsThe GTIN-13 encoded in the bar code has
four components:
The GS1 Prefix, the first three digits, usually identifying
the national GS1 Member Organization to which the manufacturer is registered
(not necessarily where the product is actually made).[4] When the EAN-13 symbol
encodes a conversion of an ISBN, the GS1 Prefix will be either 978 or 979.
Likewise the prefix will be 979 for ISMNs (whose prefix is shared with ISBN)
and 977 for ISSNs.
The Company number, consisting of three to eight digits
depending on number of GTIN-13s required by the manufacturer to identify
different product lines (in ISBN and ISSN, this component is used to identify
the language in which the publication was issued and managed by a transnational
agency covering several countries, or to identify the country where the legal
deposits are made by a publisher registered with a national agency, and it is
further subdivided any allocating subblocks for publishers; many countries have
several prefixes allocated in the ISSN and ISBN registries).
The Item reference, consisting of two to six digits (in ISBN
and ISSN, it uniquely identifies the publication from the same publisher; it
should be used and allocated by the registered publisher in order to avoid
creating gaps; however it happens that a registered book or serial never gets
published and sold).
The Check digit, a single checksum digit. The check digit is
computed modulo 10, where the weights in the checksum calculation alternate 3
and 1. In particular, since the weights are relatively prime to 10 the EAN
system will detect all single digit errors. But, since the difference of
consecutive weights is even, the EAN system does not detect all adjacent
transposition errors.
The complete number is used as a reference key to look up
information about the product line held on a database; the number is never
normally broken down into its components within users' systems.
[edit] GS1 PrefixesFurther information: List of GS1 country
codes
The first two or three digits of the GTIN of any product
identify the GS1 Member Organization which the manufacturer has joined. Note
that EAN-13 codes beginning with 0 are rarely seen, as this is just a longer
form of a 12-digit UPC and is represented by the same barcode.
The 200-299 country code is worth a special mention; most
GS1 member organizations define this as being available for retailer internal
use (or internal use by other types of business). Some retailers use this for
proprietary (own brand or unbranded) products (although many retailers obtain
their own manufacturer's code for their own brands); some retailers use at
least part of this prefix for products which are packaged in store, for
example, items weighed and served over a counter for a customer. The barcode
may encode a price, quantity or weight along with a product identifier (in a
retailer defined way); the product identifier may be one assigned by the
Produce Electronic Identification Board or may be retailer assigned. Retailers
who have historically used UPC barcodes will tend to use GS1 prefixes 04 (for
products) and 02 (for store packaged products) in a similar way.
[edit] Calculation of checksum digitThe checksum digit must
be calculated from the data digits before it can be encoded. The checksum is
calculated taking a varying weight value times the value of each number in the
barcode to make a sum. The checksum digit is then the digit which must be added
to this sum to get a number evenly divisible by 10 (i.e. the additive inverse
of the sum, modulo 10). See ISBN check digit calculation for a more extensive
description and algorithm. The Global Location Number/GLN also uses the same
method.[5]
[Weight The weight for a specific position in the EAN
code is either 3 or 1, which alternate so that the final data digit has a
weight of 3; the same algorithm is used in other GTINs and the Serial Shipping
Container Code (SSCC). In an EAN-13 code, the weight is 3 for odd positions and
1 for even positions; this is reversed in EAN-8 codes.[6] All GTIN and SSCC
codes get their weight values for the position of the code from this table,
making their code line up to the right:
Weights 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
Weights for EAN-13 code:
Weights 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
Weights for EAN-8 code:
Weights 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 1 3 1 3 1 3
For example: 4006381333931 (Stabilo Point 88 Art. No.
88/57), the check code is:
Calculation First 12 digits of the barcode 4 0 0 6 3 8 1 3 3
3 9 3
Weights 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
Multiplied by weight 4 0 0 18 3 24 1 9 3 9 9 9
Sum 89
The nearest multiple of 10 that is equal or higher than the
sum, is 90. Subtract them: 90 - 89 = 1, this is the last digit of the barcode.
[edit] CalculationTaking the numbers from an EAN 8 code we
get: 7351353 or in the table:
Getting the weights for a barcode Position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Weight 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
Code 7 3 5 1
3 5 3
Sums 21 3 15
1 9 5 9
The sum from this barcode is then: 63
63 modulo 10 = 3
10 minus 3 makes the checksum = 7
The complete EAN 8 code is then: 73513537
[edit] PHP implementation$code = '7351353';
$sequence_ean8 =
array(3, 1);
$sequence_ean13 = array(1, 3);
$sums = 0;
foreach(str_split($code) as $n => $digit) {
if (strlen($code)==7){
$sums += $digit
* $sequence_ean8[$n % 2];
} elseif
(strlen($code)==12){
$sums += $digit
* $sequence_ean13[$n % 2];
} else {
echo "code
length invalid";
}
}
$checksum = 10 - $sums % 10;
$ean_code = $code . $checksum;
[edit] Binary encoding of data digits into EAN-13 barcode
Encoding EAN-13
the numbers of code L
the numbers of code G
the numbers of code RTo encode an EAN-13 barcode, the digits
are first split into 3 groups; the first digit, the first group of 6 and the last
group of 6. The first group of six is encoded using a scheme whereby each digit
has two possible encodings, one of which has even parity and one of which has
odd parity. The first digit is encoded by selecting a pattern of choices
between these two encodings for the next six digits, according to the table
below. (Unlike the other digits, the first digit is not represented directly by
a pattern of bars.) All digits in the last group of six digits are encoded
using a single set of patterns which are the same patterns used for UPC.
If the first digit is zero, all digits in the first group of
six are encoded using the patterns used for UPC, therefore, a UPC barcode is
also an EAN-13 barcode with the first digit set to zero.
Structure of EAN-13 First digit First group of 6 digits Last
group of 6 digits
0 LLLLLL RRRRRR
1 LLGLGG RRRRRR
2 LLGGLG RRRRRR
3 LLGGGL RRRRRR
4 LGLLGG RRRRRR
5 LGGLLG RRRRRR
6 LGGGLL RRRRRR
7 LGLGLG RRRRRR
8 LGLGGL RRRRRR
9 LGGLGL RRRRRR
Structure of EAN-8 First group of 4 digits Last group of 4
digits
LLLL RRRR
Encoding of the digits Digit L-code G-code R-code
0 0001101 0100111 1110010
1 0011001 0110011 1100110
2 0010011 0011011 1101100
3 0111101 0100001 1000010
4 0100011 0011101 1011100
5 0110001 0111001 1001110
6 0101111 0000101 1010000
7 0111011 0010001 1000100
8 0110111 0001001 1001000
9 0001011 0010111 1110100
Note: Entries in the R-column are bitwise complements
(logical operator: negation) of the respective entries in the L-column. Entries
in the G-column are the entries in the R-column in reverse bit order. See
pictures of all codes against a colored background.
[edit] BooklandMain article: Bookland
The EAN country codes 978 (and later 979) have been
allocated since the 1980s in order to reserve a Unique Country Code (UCC)
prefix for EAN identifiers of published books, regardless of country of origin,
so that the EAN space can catalog books by ISBN rather than maintaining a
redundant parallel numbering system. Similar arrangements are in place for ISSNs
for periodicals (country code 977) and ISMNs for sheet music (country code
979).
[edit] Japanese Article NumberJapanese Article Number (JAN)
is a barcode standard compatible with the International Article Number scheme.
Use of the JAN standard began in 1978.[7] In January 2001 the manufacturer code
changed to 7 digits (9 digits including the country code) for new companies
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